ຂຽນເມື່ອ: ມ.ສ.. 9, 2009
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Secrets of the Richest People ຈາກການຈັດອັນດັບອະພິມະຫາເສດຖີທີ່ລວຍທີ່ສຸດຂອງໂລກປີນີ້ມີລາຍຊື່ດັ່ງນີ້ ເຮົາຈະຮຽນຮູ້ເຄັດລັບຂອງມະຫາເສດຖີແຕ່ລະຄົນວ່າເຂົາເຈົ້າມີວິທີການຄິດແນວໃດ ເລີ່ມຕົ້ນການ ເຮັດທຸລະກິດແນວໃດ ເປັນຫຍັງເຂົາເຈົ້າຈຶ່ງປະສົບຜົນສຳເລັດໄດ້ ເຊີນອ່ານເພື່ອຫາຂໍ້ຄິດ ແລະຄຳຕອບໄດ້ຈາກອະພິມະຫາເສດຖີໃນນິຕິຍະສານ Forbes ໄດ້ ແລ້ວທ່ານຈະວາງແຜນເພື່ອອະນາຄົດແນວໃດ ຊ່ວຍແນະນຳແລະອອກຄວາມເຫັນໄດ້ World's Billionaires 2009 by Luisa Kroll, Matthew Miller, and Tatiana Serafin Wednesday, March 11, 2009provided by It's been a tough year for the richest people in the world. Last year there were 1,125 billionaires. This year there are just 793 people rich enough to make our list. The world has become a wealth wasteland. Like the rest of us, the richest people in the world have endured a financial disaster over the past year. Today there are 793 people on our list of the World's Billionaires, a 30% decline from a year ago. Of the 1,125 billionaires who made last year's ranking, 373 fell off the list--355 from declining fortunes and 18 who died. There are 38 newcomers, plus three moguls who returned to the list after regaining their 10-figure fortunes. It is the first time since 2003 that the world has had a net loss in the number of billionaires. The world's richest are also a lot poorer. Their collective net worth is $2.4 trillion, down $2 trillion from a year ago. Their average net worth fell 23% to $3 billion. The last time the average was that low was in 2003. Bill Gates lost $18 billion but regained his title as the world's richest man. Warren Buffett, last year's No. 1, saw his fortune decline $25 billion as shares of Berkshire Hathaway (BRK) fell nearly 50% in 12 months, but he still managed to slip just one spot to No. 2. Mexican telecom titan Carlos Slim Helú also lost $25 billion and dropped one spot to No. 3. It was hard to avoid the carnage, whether you were in stocks, commodities, real estate or technology. Even people running profitable businesses were hammered by frozen credit markets, weak consumer spending or declining currencies. The biggest loser in the world this year, by dollars, was last year's biggest gainer. India's Anil Ambani lost $32 billion--76% of his fortune--as shares of his Reliance Communications, Reliance Power and Reliance Capital all collapsed. Ambani is one of 24 Indian billionaires, all but one of whom are poorer than a year ago. Another 29 Indians lost their billionaire status entirely as India's stock market tumbled 44% in the past year and the Indian rupee depreciated 18% against the dollar. It is no longer the top spot in Asia for billionaires, ceding that title to China, which has 28. Russia became the epicenter of the world's commodities bust, dropping 55 billionaires--two-thirds of its 2008 crop. Among them: Dmitry Pumpyansky, an industrialist from the resource-rich Ural mountain region, who lost $5 billion as shares of his pipe producer, TMK, sank 84%. Also gone is Vasily Anisimov, father of Moscow's Paris Hilton, Anna Anisimova, who lost $3.2 billion as the value of his Metalloinvest Holding, one of Russia's largest ore mining and processing firms, fell along with his real estate holdings. Twelve months ago Moscow overtook New York as the billionaire capital of the world, with 74 tycoons to New York's 71. Today there are 27 in Moscow and 55 in New York. After slipping in recent years, the U.S. is regaining its dominance as a repository of wealth. Americans account for 44% of the money and 45% of the list's slots, up seven and three percentage points from last year, respectively. Still, it has 110 fewer billionaires than a year ago. Those with ties to Wall Street were particularly hard hit. Former head of AIG (AIG) Maurice (Hank) Greenberg saw his $1.9 billion fortune nearly wiped out after the insurance behemoth had to be bailed out by the U.S. government. Today Greenberg is worth less than $100 million. Former Citigroup (C) Chairman Sandy Weill also falls from the ranks. Last year there were 39 American billionaire hedge fund managers; this year there are 28. Twelve American private equity tycoons dropped out of the billionaire ranks. Blackstone Group's (BX) Stephen Schwarzman, who lost $4 billion, and Kohlberg Kravis & Roberts' Henry Kravis, who lost $2.5 billion, retain their billionaire status despite their weaker fortunes. Worldwide, 80 of the 355 drop-offs from last year's list had fortunes derived from finance or investments. While 656 billionaires lost money in the past year, 44 added to their fortunes. Those who made money did so by catering to budget-conscious consumers (discount retailer Uniqlo's Tadashi Yanai), predicting the crash (investor John Paulson) or cashing out in the nick of time (Cirque du Soleil's Guy Laliberte). So is there anywhere one can still make a fortune these days? The 38 newcomers offer a few clues. Among the more notable new billionaires are Mexican Joaquín Guzmán Loera, one of the biggest suppliers of cocaine to the U.S.; Wang Chuanfu of China, whose BYD Co. began selling electric cars in December, and American John Paul Dejoria, who got the world clean with his Paul Mitchell shampoos and sloppy with his Patrón Tequila. The Top 20 Richest People in the World © AP Photo/Kevin P. Casey | 1. William Gates III Net Worth: $40 billion Source: Microsoft/U.S. Age: 53 Marital Status: Married, three children | - Software visionary regains title as the world's richest man despite losing $18 billion in the past 12 months.
- Stepped down from day-to-day duties at Microsoft last summer to devote his talents and riches to the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
- Organization's assets were $30 billion in January; annual letter lauds endowment manager Michael Larson for limiting last year's losses to 20%.
- Gates decided to increase donations in 2009 to $3.8 billion, up 15% from 2008.
- Dedicated to fighting hunger in developing countries, improving education in America's high schools and developing vaccines against malaria, tuberculosis and AIDS.
- Appointed Microsoft Office veteran Jeffrey Raikes chief executive of Gates Foundation in September. Gates remains Microsoft chairman.
- Sells shares each quarter, redeploys proceeds via investment vehicle Cascade; more than half of fortune invested outside Microsoft.
- Stock down 45% in past 12 months.
- "Creative capitalist" wants companies to match profit making with doing good.
World's Billionaires 2009 Wednesday, March 11, 2009provided by © AP Photo/Matt Sayles | 2. Warren Buffett Net Worth: $37 billion Source: Investments/U.S. Age: 78 Marital Status: Widowed, remarried; three children | - Last year America's most beloved investor was the world's richest man.
- This year he has to settle for second place after losing $25 billion in 12 months. Shares of Berkshire Hathaway down 45% since last March.
- Injected billions of dollars into Goldman Sachs, General Electric in exchange for preferred stock last fall; propped up insurance firm Swiss Re in February with $2.6 billion infusion. Admits he made some "dumb" investment mistakes in 2008.
- Upbeat about America's future: "Our economic system has worked extraordinarily well over time. It has unleashed human potential as no other system has, and it will continue to do so."
- Scoffs at Wall Street's over-reliance on "history-based" models: "If merely looking up past financial data would tell you what the future holds, the Forbes 400 would consist of librarians."
- Son of Nebraska politician delivered newspapers as a boy.
- Filed first tax return at age 13, claiming $35 deduction for bicycle.
- Studied under value investing guru Benjamin Graham at Columbia.
- Took over textile firm Berkshire Hathaway 1965.
- Today holding company invested in insurance (GEICO, General Re), jewelry (Borsheim's), utilities (MidAmerican Energy), food (Dairy Queen, See's Candies). Also has noncontrolling stakes in Anheuser-Busch, Coca-Cola, Wells Fargo.
© AP Photo/Eric Gay | 3. Carlos Slim Helú Net Worth: $35 billion Source: Telecom/Mexico Age: 69 Marital Status: Widowed, six children | - Economic downturn and plunging peso shaved $25 billion from the fortune of Latin America's richest man.
- Global recession testing his ability to live up to the principles he sets for his employees: "Maintain austerity in times of fat cows."
- Son of a Lebanese immigrant bought fixed-line operator Telefonos de Mexico (Telmex) in 1990; now controls 90% of Mexico's telephone landlines.
- Would be a billionaire based on his dividends alone.
- Biggest holding: $16 billion stake in America Movil, Latin America's largest mobile phone company, with 173 million customers. America Movil and Telmex reportedly planning to jointly invest $4 billion to bolster telecom infrastructure in Latin America.
- Buying up cheap media, energy and retail assets.
- Last year took stakes in New York Times Co., former billionaire Anthony O'Reilly's Independent News & Media and Bronco Drilling; also increased position in Saks.
- Baseball statistics aficionado, art collector.
© Justin Sullivan/Getty Images | 4. Lawrence Ellison Net Worth: $22.5 billion Source: Oracle/U.S. Age: 64 Marital Status: Thrice divorced, remarried; two children | - Database titan continues to engulf the competition; Oracle has racked up 49 acquisitions in the past four years.
- Bought BEA Systems for $8.5 billion last year. Company still sitting on $7 billion in cash. Revenues up 11% to $10.9 billion in the six months ended Nov. 30, 2007; profits also up 11% to $2.4 billion. Stock down 25% in past 12 months.
- Invested $125 million in Web software outfit Netsuite; took public in 2007, stock down 80% since. His shares are still worth $300 million.
- Chicago native studied physics at University of Chicago, didn't graduate.
- Started Oracle in 1977. Public in 1986, a day before Microsoft.
- Owns 453-foot Rising Sun; built a smaller leisure boat because the long yacht is hard to park.
- Squabbling in court with Swiss boating billionaire Ernesto Bertarelli over terms of next America's Cup. Recently unveiled hulking 90-foot trimaran he intends to use to win it.
© AP Photo/Heribert Proepper | 5. Ingvar Kamprad Net Worth: $22 billion Source: Ikea/Sweden Age: 83 Marital Status: Divorced, remarried; four children | - Peddled matches, fish, pens, Christmas cards and other items by bicycle as a teenager.
- Started selling furniture in 1947.
- Opened first Ikea store 50 years ago; store's name is a combination of initials of his first and last name, his family farm and the nearest village.
- Retired in 1986; company's "senior adviser" still reportedly works tirelessly on his brand.
- Discount retailer now sells 9,500 items in 36 countries; prints catalog in 27 languages. Revenues up 7% to $27.4 billion in fiscal-year 2008.
- Opened 10th store in China this February; planning to open first in Dominican Republic later this year.
- Three sons all work at the company.
- Thrifty entrepreneur flies economy class, frequents cheap restaurants and furnishes his home mostly with Ikea products.
© Kpix | 6. Karl Albrecht Net Worth: $21.5 billion Source: Supermarkets/Germany Age: 89 Marital Status: Married, two children | - Germany's richest person owns discount supermarket giant Aldi Sud.
- Retailer faring well amid economic downturn; analysts expect its 2008 sales to be up 9.4% to $33.7 billion. Sales in the U.S. up estimated 20% last year to $7 billion.
- Plans to open 75 U.S. stores in 2009, including first in New York City.
- With younger brother, Theo, transformed their mother's corner grocery store into Aldi after World War II.
- Brothers split ownership in 1961; Karl took the stores in southern Germany, plus the rights to the brand in the U.K., Australia and the U.S. Theo got northern Germany and the rest of Europe.
- Retired from daily operations.
- Fiercely private: little known about him other than that he apparently raises orchids and plays golf.
World's Billionaires 2009 Wednesday, March 11, 2009provided by © AP Photo | 7. Mukesh Ambani Net Worth: $19.5 billion Source: Petrochemicals/India Age: 51 Marital Status: Married, three children | - Oversees Reliance Industries, India's most valuable company by market cap, despite stock falling 40% in past year.
- Merging his Reliance Petroleum with flagship Reliance Industries. As part of deal, will exercise right to buy back Chevron's 5% stake in Reliance Petroleum at $1.2 per share--the same price at which he sold it three years ago. Today the stock trades for $1.80 a share.
- Increased stake in Reliance Industries last October; paid $3.4 billion to convert 120 million preferential warrants into shares.
- Reliance Petroleum refinery on India's western coast began operating in December despite falling global demand and declining margins.
- Late father Dhirubhai founded Reliance and built it into a massive conglomerate. After he died, Mukesh and his brother, Anil, ran the family business together for a brief time. But siblings feuded over control; mother eventually brokered split of assets. Brothers may be looking to bury hatchet; played joint hosts at mother's recent 75th birthday bash.
- Has yet to move into his 27-story home that he's building at a reported cost of $1 billion.
- Ardent fan of Bollywood films.
- Wife, Nita, oversees school named after his father.
© AP Photo | 8. Lakshmi Mittal Net Worth: $19.3 billion Source: Steel/India Age: 58 Marital Status: Married, two children | - Indian immigrant heads world's largest steel company; ArcelorMittal was formed via hostile takeover three years ago.
- Stock in company makes up bulk of his fortune; shares at a four-year low, with steel prices down 75% since last summer.
- Company forced to pay heavy fines after a French antitrust investigation found 10 companies guilty of price-fixing in European steel markets.
- Arcelor posted $2.6 billion loss in most recent quarter; announced plans to slow acquisitions, cut capital expenditures, pay down debt.
- Started in family steel business in the 1970s, branched out on his own in 1994.
- Initially bought up steel mills on the cheap in Eastern Europe. Company bought 19.9% stake in Australia's Macarthur Coal last year.
- Also owns pieces of Mumbai's Indiabulls Group, London's RAB Capital; owns stake in, sits on board of Goldman Sachs.
- Holds substantial cash; owns 12-bedroom mansion in London's posh Kensington neighborhood.
© Kpix | 9. Theo Albrecht Net Worth: $18.8 billion Source: Supermarkets/Germany Age: 87 Marital Status: Married, two children | - Runs discount supermarket group Aldi Nord; firm holding up amid economic downturn. Sales expected to hit $31 billion in 2008.
- After World War II he and older brother Karl transformed their mother's corner grocery into Aldi.
- Brothers split ownership in 1961; Karl took the stores in southern Germany, plus the rights to the brand in the U.K., Australia and the U.S. Theo got the northern Germany stores and the rest of Europe.
- Unable to operate Aldi stores in U.S., Theo developed discount food store Trader Joe's; now has more than 320 U.S. stores.
- Also owns stake in Supervalu.
- Became a recluse after being kidnapped for 17 days in 1971; said to collect old typewriters, loves golf.
© MIGUEL RIOPA/AFP/Getty Images | 10. Amancio Ortega Net Worth: $18.3 billion Source: Fashion/Spain Age: 73 Marital Status: Divorced, remarried; three children | - Railway worker's son started as a gofer in a shirt store.
- With then wife Rosalia Mera, also now a billionaire, started making dressing gowns and lingerie in their living room.
- Business became one of world's most successful apparel manufacturers.
- Today Inditex has more than 4,000 stores in 71 countries. Sales: $12.3 billion. Ortega is chairman.
- Company exported its cheap chic Zara stores to four new markets last year: Ukraine, South Korea, Montenegro and Honduras.
- Stock up 1% in past 12 months, but fortune down because of weak euro.
- Also has personal investments in gas, tourism, banks and real estate.
- Owns properties in Madrid, Spain; Paris; London; and Lisbon, Portugal; plus a luxury hotel and apartment complex in Miami, a horse-jumping circuit and an interest in a soccer league.
- Shuns neckties and fanfare.
- Daughter Marta works for Inditex; recent speculation suggests she is being groomed to eventually replace her father.
© AARON SKINNER/Bloomberg News /Landov | 11. Jim C. Walton Net Worth: $17.8 billion Source: Wal-Mart/U.S. Age: 61 Marital Status: Married, four children | - Wal-Mart remains the exception to the rule in the crumbling retail sector, thanks to its global footprint and deeply discounted prices. Also helping: the exodus of competitors like Circuit City and Linens 'n Things.
- Shares down 25% since September.
- Fourth-quarter profit hurt by lawsuit settlements, poor currency exchange; still beat analyst expectations.
- Stake in solar-paneling outfit First Solar fared far worse; shares down 60% since August after surging 120% in previous 12 months.
- Sam Walton started as J.C. Penney clerk in 1940; opened Newport, Ark., five-and-dime store Benjamin Franklin five years later. Lost lease in 1950.
- With brother James started general store chain in Bentonville, Ark., in 1962.
- Today Wal-Mart is world's largest retailer: 7,200 stores, 2 million employees serve 200 million customers. Sales: $378 billion.
- Jim chairs Arvest Bank Group, Community Publishers.
World's Billionaires 2009 Wednesday, March 11, 2009provided by © Alex Wong/Getty Images | 12. S. Robson Walton Net Worth: $17.6 billion Source: Wal-Mart/U.S. Age: 65 Marital Status: Divorced, remarried; three children | - Wal-Mart remains the exception to the rule in the crumbling retail sector, thanks to its global footprint and deeply discounted prices. Also helping: the exodus of competitors like Circuit City and Linens 'n Things.
- Shares down 25% since September.
- Fourth-quarter profit hurt by lawsuit settlements, poor currency exchange; still beat analyst expectations.
- Stake in solar-paneling outfit First Solar fared far worse; shares down 60% since August after surging 120% in previous 12 months.
- Sam Walton started as J.C. Penney clerk in 1940; opened Newport, Ark., five-and-dime store Benjamin Franklin five years later. Lost lease in 1950.
- With brother James started general store chain in Bentonville, Ark., in 1962.
- Today Wal-Mart is world's largest retailer: 7,200 stores, 2 million employees serve 200 million customers. Sales: $378 billion.
- Rob is Wal-Mart chairman; helping company become eco-friendly through partnership with environmental group Conservation International.
© Star Telegram/Blackwell/Sipa Press | 12. Alice Walton Net Worth: $17.6 billion Source: Wal-Mart/U.S. Age: 59 Marital Status: Twice divorced | - Wal-Mart remains the exception to the rule in the crumbling retail sector, thanks to its global footprint and deeply discounted prices. Also helping: the exodus of competitors like Circuit City and Linens 'n Things.
- Shares down 25% since September.
- Fourth-quarter profit hurt by lawsuit settlements, poor currency exchange; still beat analyst expectations.
- Stake in solar-paneling outfit First Solar fared far worse; shares down 60% since August after surging 120% in previous 12 months.
- Sam Walton started as J.C. Penney clerk in 1940; opened Newport, Ark., five-and-dime store Benjamin Franklin five years later. Lost lease in 1950.
- With brother James started general store chain in Bentonville, Ark., in 1962.
- Today Wal-Mart is world's largest retailer: 7,200 stores, 2 million employees serve 200 million customers. Sales: $378 billion.
- Alice's Crystal Bridges art museum in Bentonville under construction. Collection already growing; acquisitions include Sargent's "Robert Louis Stevenson and His Wife," Benton's "Ploughing It Under."
© L. Matthew Bowler | 12. Christy Walton & family Net Worth: $17.6 billion Source: Wal-Mart/U.S. Age: 54 Marital Status: Widowed, one child | - Wal-Mart remains the exception to the rule in the crumbling retail sector, thanks to its global footprint and deeply discounted prices. Also helping: the exodus of competitors like Circuit City and Linens 'n Things.
- Shares down 25% since September.
- Fourth-quarter profit hurt by lawsuit settlements, poor currency exchange; still beat analyst expectations.
- Stake in solar-paneling outfit First Solar fared far worse; shares down 60% since August after surging 120% in previous 12 months.
- Sam Walton started as J.C. Penney clerk in 1940; opened Newport, Ark., five-and-dime store Benjamin Franklin five years later. Lost lease in 1950.
- With brother James started general store chain in Bentonville, Ark., in 1962.
- Today Wal-Mart is world's largest retailer: 7,200 stores, 2 million employees serve 200 million customers. Sales: $378 billion.
- Christy is the widow of John Walton (died 2005); donated seven-acre San Diego home to Cross Border Philanthropy.
© Sipa/AP Images | 15. Bernard Arnault Net Worth: $16.5 billion Source: Luxury goods/France Age: 60 Marital Status: Divorced, remarried; five children | - France's richest man lost $9 billion in the past year, as shares of his $22 billion (sales) luxury goods group, LVMH Moët Hennessy Louis Vuitton, dropped 29%.
- Sailing into new waters: bought Princess Yachts, one of Britain's oldest luxury motorboat manufacturers, last summer; picked up yacht builder Royal van Lent soon after.
- Via his investment arm, Groupe Arnault, owns French tour operator Go Voyages and has a stake in French retailer Carrefour.
- Built Le Cheval Blanc in French ski resort town of Courchevel, where he often likes to spend New Year's Eve.
- Also owns two wineries with good friend, Belgian billionaire Albert Frere.
- Father made small fortune in construction; Arnault put up $15 million from that business to buy Christian Dior in 1985. Still a family affair, as both son Antoine, 31, and daughter, Delphine, 33, sit on LVMH's board.
- Wife is a concert pianist; Arnault himself reported to be an excellent piano player.
© Ted Aljibe/AFP/Getty Images | 16. Li Ka-shing Net Worth: $16.2 billion Source: Ports, retail, energy/Hong Kong Age: 80 Marital Status: Widowed, two children | - Net worth of Hong Kong's "Superman" is down $10 billion in the past year, as stock of his publicly traded conglomerates Cheung Kong and Hutchison Whampoa tumbled.
- The two companies are about to start construction on a property project in Shanghai, China.
- HW's retail group plans to open 120 stores in China in 2009.
- Through the two companies, Li is world's largest operator of container terminals, world's largest health and beauty retailer by number of outlets, a major supplier of electricity to Hong Kong, and a real estate developer.
- His second-largest holding: Canadian oil firm Husky Energy, which cut spending by almost a third for 2009.
- Charitable foundation recently raised $510 million by selling 40% of its stake in Bank of China.
- Avid golfer plays almost every day; sank his 15th hole in one in September.
- Poor immigrant sold plastic flowers in Hong Kong in the 1950s.
- Eldest son, Victor, helps him run businesses; son Richard struck out on his own in early 1990s and is a billionaire in his own right.
World's Billionaires 2009 Wednesday, March 11, 2009provided by © AP Photo/Seth Wenig | 17. Michael Bloomberg Net Worth: $16 billion Source: Bloomberg LP/U.S. Age: 67 Marital Status: Divorced, two children | - New York City mayor facing a fiscal crisis as banking chaos destroys Wall Street.
- Lucrative bonuses that came with working on Wall Street fueled spending on apartments, restaurants and shopping in recent years; as bonuses dry up, so does the city's income. Forecasts predict NYC's tax revenues will fall 28%--nearly $7 billion--in 2010 from 2008.
- Law passed in October will allow Bloomberg to run for third term later this year. Approval rating now 52%, down from 71% last summer.
- Becomes one of the world's richest men after a transaction put a solid valuation on Bloomberg LP: He borrowed to buy a 20% stake in his company from Merrill Lynch in July for $4.5 billion.
- Today he owns 88% of the financial data and news outfit he founded in 1982.
- Boston-born son of accountant got engineering degree from Johns Hopkins; M.B.A. from Harvard.
- Became a trader at Salomon Brothers 1970s, quit with $10 million in stock.
- Created financial information services firm Innovative Market Systems to sell financial data, analytic tools to Wall Street.
- Renamed Bloomberg LP in 1987; added news service, magazine, cable network, radio station.
- Has given away nearly $800 million to charity in the past five years.
© Hon Siu Keung/EyePress News | 18. Stefan Persson Net Worth: $14.5 billion Source: Hennes & Mauritz/Sweden Age: 61 Marital Status: Married, three children | - Heads cheap-chic fashion retailer Hennes & Mauritz; H&M known for bringing in big names like Madonna, Karl Lagerfeld, Stella McCartney and Kylie Minogue to design affordable collections for its 1,700 stores.
- Opened first store in Japan last fall.
- Business holding up so far amid economic downturn; sales, profits up 13% each in 2008.
- Stock up 3% in past year, but his fortune dragged down by weak euro.
- Plans to create 6,000 new jobs, open 225 stores this year, including first in Beijing.
- Stefan's father Erling founded H&M in 1947; Stefan took over in 1982, gave up chief executive position in 1998 but remains chairman.
- Son Karl-Johan, 34, will become chief this summer.
- Stefan is a founder of the Mentor Foundation, nonprofit that combats substance abuse among youth.
- Enjoys downhill skiing, tennis and golf.
© AP Photo | 19. Charles Koch Net Worth: $14 billion Source: Koch Industries/U.S. Age: 73 Marital Status: Married, two children | - Fortune of one of America's richest men down more than 25% in past six months as fertilizer, oil, chemical markets all collapsed.
- Still, sales at his Koch Industries topped $100 billion in 2008; company now America's second-largest private company.
- Father, Fred C. Koch (died 1967), invented method of turning heavy oil into gasoline. Sons Charles, David, Frederick and William inherited Koch Industries after father's death. Charles and David bought out William and Frederick for $1.1 billion in 1983.
- Today company has stakes in pipelines, refineries, fertilizer, fibers and polymers, forest and consumer products, chemical technology.
- Employs 80,000 workers in 60 countries.
- Purchased Invista, maker of Lycra and Coolmax fabric, in 2004 for $4.2 billion.
- Dropped $21 billion on paper and building-supply vendor Georgia-Pacific the following year. Brothers each own 42%.
- Charles is chief executive.
- Studied nuclear and chemical engineering at MIT; co-founder of conservative think tank Cato Institute.
© Jimi Celeste/WWD/Cond, Nast/Corbis | 19. David Koch Net Worth: $14 billion Source: Koch Industries/U.S. Age: 68 Marital Status: Married, three children | - Fortune of one of America's richest men down more than 25% in past six months as fertilizer, oil, chemical markets all collapsed.
- Still, sales at his Koch Industries topped $100 billion in 2008; company now America's second-largest private company.
- Father, Fred C. Koch (died 1967), invented method of turning heavy oil into gasoline. Sons Charles, David, Frederick and William inherited Koch Industries after father's death. Charles and David bought out William and Frederick for $1.1 billion in 1983.
- Today company has stakes in pipelines, refineries, fertilizer, fibers and polymers, forest and consumer products, chemical technology.
- Employs 80,000 workers in 60 countries.
- Purchased Invista, maker of Lycra and Coolmax fabric, in 2004 for $4.2 billion.
- Dropped $21 billion on paper and building-supply vendor Georgia-Pacific the following year. Brothers each own 42%.
- David is executive vice president.
- Holds chemical engineering degrees from MIT; pledged $100 million to alma mater for cancer research last year.
- Pledged another $100 million to New York's Lincoln Center last July.
Click here for the full list of the World's Billionaires ທີ່ມາຂອງຂ່າວ ນິຕິຍະສານ Forbes
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ຫຼິ້ນບຸນປີໃໝ່ແນວໃດຈຶ່ງພໍດີເໝາະສົມ ບຸນປີໃໝ່ລາວ ຫຼື ກຸດສົງການ ເປັນຮີດຄອງປະເພນີອັນດີງາມຂອງລາວເຮົາ ຊຶ່ງມີມາແຕ່ບູຮານນະການ ຈັດຂຶ້ນ ໃນກາງເດືອນເມສາ ສ່ວນໃຫຍ່ຢູ່ລະຫວ່າງທີ 12-13-14-15 ເມສາ ຍາມທີ່ອາກາດຮ້ອນແຮງ ແລະ ກາງລະດູບານໃໝ່ ຊຶ່ງ ດອກໄມ້ທຳມະຊາດ ເຊັ່ນ: ດອກຄູນ ດອກຝາງແດງ ດອກກະເລົາ ດອກຈິກ-ດອກຮັງ ດອກຂະຍອມ ແລະ ອື່ນໆ ພວມເບັ່ງ ບານ ພື້ນຖານຂອງບຸນປີໃໝ່ແທ້ໆນັ້ນ ກໍມີພຽງແຕ່ 3 ວັນ ຄື: ວັນສັງຂານລ່ວງ ວັນເນົາ ແລະ ວັນສັງຂານຂຶ້ນ ຖ້າຫຼາຍສຸດກໍ ບໍ່ເກີນ 4 ວັນ ຖ້າເພິ່ນຄຳນວນໂຫລະສາດວ່າ ມື້ເນົາ (ມື້ລະຫວ່າງກາງຂອງປີເກົ່າ ແລະ ປີໃໝ່) ສອງມື້ ສ່ວນຈະຖືກກັບເທົ່າ ໃດຄ່ຳນັ້ນ ຖືກວັນໃດນັ້ນ ຂຶ້ນກັບການຄຳນວນຂອງນັກໂຫລະສາດ. ໃນໄລຍະຜ່ານມາ ພວກເຮົາຫຼິ້ນບຸນປີໃໝ່ກໍມີີທັງດີ ສອດຄ່ອງກັບເນື້ອໃນ ແລະ ບໍ່ດີ ຝືນປະເພນີ ລະບຽບກົດໝາຍ ບ້ານເມືອງກໍຫຼາຍ. ອັນດີ ເປັນການທົບທວນເຖິງການເຄື່ອນໄຫວຕ່າງໆຂອງແຕ່ລະຄົນໃນການເຮັດວຽກງານຜ່ານມາ ມີຈຸດດີ ຈຸດ ອ່ອນ ມີຜົນງານ ແລະ ຂໍ້ຄົງຄ້າງແນວໃດ... ສະຫຼຸບໃຫ້ກັບຕົນເອງ ແລ້ວຈະດຳເນີນແນວໃດໃນອະນາຄົດຕໍ່ໄປ ເປັນການອວຍ ພອນພໍ່ແມ່ຜູ້ມີບຸນຄຸນທັງຫຼາຍ ເປັນການສຳລະຈິດໃຈອັນບໍ່ສອດຄ່ອງຊຶ່ງກະທຳມາແລ້ວນັ້ນ ໃຫ້ໄປນຳປີເກົ່າ ແລະ ເລີ່ມຕົ້ນ ໃໝ່ ດ້ວຍອຸດົມຄະຕິໃໝ່ ເຊັ່ນ: ນັບແຕ່ປີໃໝ່ ພ.ສ 2552 ນີ້ ຈະບໍ່ກິນເຫຼົ້າ..ບໍ່ສູບຢາ. - ບໍ່ກະທຳສິ່ງໃດໃຫ້ຜິດກົດໝາຍ ເຊັ່ນ: ບໍ່ຂັບຂີ່ລົດໄວເກີນກຳນົດຫວງຫ້າມ ບໍ່ເສບ ບໍ່ຄ້າຢາເສບຕິດ ບໍ່ຄ້າຂາຍ ເຖື່ອນ. - ບໍ່ໄປການຊ້າ-ມາໄວ - ບໍ່ຂີ້ຕົວະ ລັກໂລບ ປອມແປງ - ບໍ່ພົວພັນກັບອະບາຍຍະມຸກຕ່າງໆ ອັນອ່ອນຂອງການຫຼິ້ນບຸນປີໃໝ່ ແມ່ນການຈັດການກິນລ້ຽງໃຫຍ່ໂຕ ສິ້ນເປືອງ ການອວຍພອນກັນດ້ວຍວັດຖຸລາ ຄາແພງ ດ້ວຍເຫຼົ້າຢາ ຫຼື ສິ່ງຂອງແພງຈາກຕ່າງປະເທດ ນອກຈາກນີ້ຍັງສ້າງໃຫ້ບັນຍາກາດບຸນປີໃໝ່ ແທນທີ່ຈະເປັນບັນ ຍາກາດແຫ່ງການອວຍພອນ ການຫົດສົງດ້ວຍນ້ຳອົບນ້ຳຫອມ ນ້ຳໃສໃຈຈິງນັ້ນ ພັດກາຍເປັນບັນຍາກາດຂອງເຫຼົ້າ ຂອງ ການເມົາເຫຼົ້າ ຂອງການຫຼິ້ນເປື້ອນນ້ຳສີ ຫຼິ້ນແປ້ງ ຂີ້ໝິ້ນໝໍ້ ແລະ ການຂັບຂີ່ລົດໄວ ລ່ວງລະເມີດກົດຈະລາຈອນ ແລ້ວພາ ໃຫ້ເກີດອຸປະຕິເຫດ ຫຼື ບັນຍາກາດແຫ່ງການຫຼິ້ນກິນຟູຍເຟືອຍ ບໍລິໂພກນິຍົມ ທັງໆທີ່ປະເທດຊາດຍັັງທຸກຍາກ. ປີໃໝ່ລາວ ປີສະລຸ ພ.ສ 2552 ມີວັນພັກຢຸດຍາວ ເອື້ອອຳນວຍຄວາມສະດວກໃຫ້ຜູ້ມັກຫຼິ້ນມັກທ່ຽວຫຼາຍຂຶ້ນ ແຕ່ກໍ ເປັນນິມິດໝາຍອັນດີສຳລັບຜູ້ທີ່ຢູ່ຫ່າງໄກຈາກບ້ານເກີດເມືອງນອນ ມີໂອກາດໄດ້ໄປຢ້ຽມຢາມພໍ່ແມ່ພີ່ນ້ອງ ໄດ້ໄປຫົດນ້ຳຂໍບຸນ ຄຸນນຳພໍ່ແມ່ພີ່ນ້ອງ ຍາດມິດ... ການຫຼິ້ນບຸນປາງໃດກໍຕາມ ຖ້າມີສະຕິລະວັງຕົວ ຮູ້ຄຸນຄ່າຕົນເອງ ຮູ້ການໃຊ້ຈ່າຍ ຮູ້ການເດີນທາງ ມີສະຕິເປັນ ເຈົ້າຕົນເອງນັ້ນ ຫຼິ້ນເທົ່າໃດຍ່ອມບໍ່ມີບັນຫາ ຖ້າວ່າຮູ້ຈັກຂອບເຂດຂອງຄວາມພໍດີ... ອັນສຳຄັນ ຕ້ອງເຂົ້າໃຈຄວາມໝາຍສຳ ຄັນຂອງແຕ່ລະວັນຂອງບຸນປີໃໝ່ ວ່າເຮົາຈະເຮັດຕາມລາຍການນັ້ນແນວໃດ ຄື ວັນສັງຂານລ່ວງແນວໃດ ມີພິທີໃຈກາງຂອງ ວັນນີ້ແນວໃດ ວັນເນົາ...ວັນສັງຂານຂຶ້ນ ພິທີໃຈກາງແນວໃດ ດີແທ້ຄວນຈັດໃຫ້ມີບ່ອນຫຼິ້ນຮວມໝູ່ຈຸດໃດໜຶ່ງທີ່ເໝາະສົມ ມີ ການຈັດຕັ້ງຮັບຜິດຊອບຄັກແນ່ ອັນບໍ່ສົມຄວນແມ່ນການຫົດນ້ຳຕາມແຄມທາງຫຼວງ ທາງໃຫຍ່ ບ່ອນລົດແລ່ນໄປມາຢ່າງ ສວານສົນ ອັນຈະນຳມາເຊິ່ງອຸປະຕິເຫດນັ້ນເອງ ຫຼື ຂີ່ລົດເລາະຫົດນ້ຳໃສ່ຄົນທົ່ວໄປກໍບໍ່ເໝະສົມ. ປີໃໝ່ປີນີ້ ຢູ່ໃນທ່າມກາງວິກິດການເສດຖະກິດໂລກ ຊາວຜູ້ອອກແຮງງານຢູ່ໃນໂລກ 300 ກ່ວາລ້ານຄົນ ບໍ່ມີວຽກ ເຮັດງານທຳ ກຳລັງປະເຊີນໜ້າກັບຄວາມທຸກທາງຮ່າງກາຍ ແລະ ຈິດໃຈ...ປີໃໝ່ປີນີ້ ພວກເຮົາກໍປະເຊີນໜ້າກັບສະພາວະ ໂລກຮ້ອນອີກ ການຫຼິ້ນນ້ຳ-ການໃຊ້ຈ່າຍທາງເສດຖະກິດ ລ້ວນແຕ່ຕ້ອງພ້ອມກັນຄິດຫງຳ ປະຢັດສັດທ່ຽງໃຫ້ດີ ການປະຢັດ ເປັນເສັ້ນທາງເອົາຕົວລອດ ທັງແມ່ນການສ້າງອະນາຄົດອີກ. ປີໃໝ່ ພ.ສ 2552 ປີສະລຸຸ ຫຼື ປີງົວ ຂໍໃຫ້ທ່ານຜູ້ອ່ານທຸກທົ່ວໜ້າ ຈົ່ງມີສຸຂະພາບເຂັ້ມແຂງ ປາຖະໜາສິ່ງໃດຂໍໃຫ້ ໄດ້ດັ່ງຄວາມມັກຄວາມປາຖະໜາ ຄື ອາຍຸ ວັນນະ ສຸຂະ ພະລະ ນັ້ນເທີ້ນ. ຂອບໃຈຫນັງສືພິມວຽງຈັນໃຫມ່ ແຫລ່ງທີ່ມາຂອງຂ່າວ: ຫນັງສຶພິມວຽງຈັນໃຫມ່ ສະບັບວັນທີ່ 06-04-2009 (http://www.vientianemai.net/news.php?TopicID=3&NewsID=546)
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ຂຽນເມື່ອ: ມ.ສ.. 6, 2009
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ເຮັດແນວໃດຈະເຮັດໃຫ້ຄົນໃກ້ຊິດມີຄວາມສຸກ ຢາກຖາມທັດສະນະຂອງແຕ່ລະຄົນວ່າ ເຮັດແນວໃດຈະເຮັດໃຫ້ຄົນທີ່ຢູ່ອ້ອມຂ້າງເຮົາເຊັ່ນ ຫມູ່ເພື່ອນ ພໍ່ແມ່ ເອື້ອຍ ອ້າຍ ນ້ອງ ຫລືແຟນເຮົາ ມີຄວາມ ສຸກ ຕາມທັດສະນະຂອງຜູ້ຂຽນຄົງຈະຂໍຫຍິບຍົກເອົາປະສົບການແລະສິ່ງທີ່ໄດ້ຮຽນຮູ້ຜ່ານໆ ມາໃນຊີວິດ ເອົາມາເປີດ ເຜີຍໃນບາງແງ່ບາງມຸມ ຄົນອ້ອມຂ້າງ ນັບວ່າເປັນຄົນທີ່ມີອິດທິພົນທີ່ສຸດຕໍ່ຊະຕາກຳ ການດຳລົງຊີວິດຂອງເຮົາ ເພາະຄົນອ້ອມຂອງເຮົາຈະມີຄວາມເຂົ້າອົກເຂົ້າໃຈແລະຮູ້ນິໄສເຮົາດີ ດັງນັ້ນ ການ ຈະເຮັດຫຍັງເຮົາຕ້ອງຄຳນຶງ ແລະເອົາໃຈຄົນເຫລົ່ານີ້ໄວ້ກ່ອນສະເຫມີ ຈາກການອ່ານປະຫວັດຜູ້ທີ່ປະສົບຜົນສຳເລັດ ຫລືຜູ້ນຳທັງຫລາຍ ສ່ວນໃຫຍ່ລ້ວນແລ້ວ ແຕ່ມີບຸກຄົນທີ່ຢູ່ເບື້ອງຫລັງຄວາມສຳເລັດທັງນັ້ນ ບໍ່ມີຜູ້ໃດທີ່ເກັ່ງຄົນດຽວ ແລະເຮັດວຽກຄົນດຽວຈົນປະສົບຜົນສຳເລັດມັນຕ້ອງອາໄສຫມູ່ເພື່ອນ ເພື່ອນຮ່ວມ ງານຈຶ່ງຈະໄປລອດ ເປັນນັກຮຽນກະເຫມືອນກັນບໍ່ມີຜູ້ໃດຈະຮຽນເກັ່ງຫມົດທຸກສິ່ງ ທຸກຢ່າງ ບໍ່ຕ່າງຫຍັງ ກັບຂົງຈືທີ່ ເປັນນັກ ປາດ ອາຈານ ຍັງຍອມຮັບ ຄວາມສາມາດຂອງເດັກ ເພາະຂົງຈືເປັນຜູ້ໂດງດັງ ເປັນນັກປາດຈີນ ຜູ້ໃດກໍ່ມາສົນທະນາ ສອບຖາມເລື່ອງລາວຕ່າງໆ ເດັກເລີຍຖາມວ່າ ເທິງຟ້າມີດາວ ຈັກດວງ ຂົງຈີ ຕອບວ່າ ຖາມແມ່ນຫຍັງສິ່ງໄກຕົວແບບນັ້ນ ຖາມສິ່ງທີ່ໃກ້ຕົວພວກເຈົ້ານີ້ຕີ້ ເອີໄດ້ ເທິງຫົວຂອງລູງມີຜົມຈັກເສັ້ນ ແລະຂົນຄິ້ວລຸງຫັ້ນລະມີ ຈັກເສັ້ນ ຂົງຈີ້ຈຶ່ງຕອບເດັກວ່າ ເອົາລະ ເອົາລະ ລຸງຂໍຍົກທຸງຂາວລະ ລຸງເອົາຊະນະພວກເຈົ້າບໍ່ໄດ້ແລ້ວລະ ດັງນັ້ນ ຢາກໃຫ້ຜູ້ອ່ານທັງຫລາຍສະແດງຄວາມຄິດເຫັນຫລາຍໆ ໂດຍສະເພາະໃນຫມູ່ໄວລຸ້ນເຮົາລ້ວນແລ້ວແຕ່ຜ່ານຮ້ອນຜ່ານຫນາວ ເລື່ອງຄວາມ ຮັກມາໂດຍຕະຫລອດ ຄວາມຮັກ ບາງຄົນກະວ່າຫວານ ບາງຄົນກໍ່ວ່າສົ້ມ ບາງຄົນກະວ່າຂົມ ແລ້ວແຕ່ຜູ້ເຄີຍຊິມມາກ່ອນຈຶ່ງຈະຮູ້ວ່າ ລົດຊາດມັນເປັນແນວໃດ ແຕ່ທັດສະນະຂອງທ່ານຄິດວ່າແນວໃດ ແລະ ໃຫ້ຄວາມສຳຄັນກັບຄົນອ້ອມຂ້າງແນວໃດ ຂໍຂອບໃຈ
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ຂຽນເມື່ອ: ມ.ສ.. 5, 2009
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ແລະ
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ເຮົາສາມາດກຳຫນົດອະນາຄົດຂອງເຮົາເອງໄດ້ ທຸກຄົນເຊື່ອຫລືບໍ່ວ່າເຮົາເອງສາມາດກຳຫນົດຕົວເຮົາເອງໄດ້ ໂດຍສະເພາະອະນາຄົດຂອງເຮົາ ເຮົາບໍ່ສາມາດທີ່ຈະໄປກຳຫນົດດິນຟ້າອາກາດ ອາຍຸຂອງເຮົາ ຫລືວ່າການເລືອກເກີດຂອງເຮົາໄດ້ ແຕ່ເມື່ອເຮົາເກີດມາແລ້ວເຮົາຈະສາມາດກຳຫນົດຮູບແບບແລະທາງເດີນຂອງເຮົາເອງ ແຕ່ລະຄົນອາດມີທິດ ທາງແລະແນວທາງການດຳເນີນຊີວິດແຕກຕ່າງກັນອອກໄປ ແລ້ວແຕ່ພື້ນຖານທາງຄວາມຄິດ ການປູກຝັງຈາກທາງຄອບຄົວ ຈາກສັງຄົມ ເພື່ອນຝູງ ເປັນຕົ້ນ ການຕັດສິນໃຈເລືອກທາງເດີນຈຶ່ງເປັນເລື່ອງສຳຄັນທີ່ສຸດທີ່ຈະເປັນຕົວຊີ້ວັດເສັ້ນທາງໃນອະນາຄົດຂອງເຮົາ ເຮົາຈະເຫັນໄດ້ວ່າສິ່ງທີ່ເປັນອັນຕະລາຍທີ່ສຸດ ຄືການຕັດສິນໃຈຂອງເຮົາ ຖ້າຫາກການຕັດສິນໃຈຜິດພາດກໍ່ຈະມີຜົນກະທົບເຖິງທິດທາງຊີວິດຂອງເຮົາໄປດ້ວຍ ບໍ່ແຕກຕ່າງຫຍັງກັບການລ່ອງເຮືອ ໃນທະເລ ຫລືແມ່ນ້ຳ ເຮົາບໍ່ສາມາດຈະໄປກຳຫນົດທິດທາງຂອງລົມໄດ້ ແຕ່ເຮົາສາມາດກຳຫນົດໃບເຮືອໄດ້ ຖ້າທ່ານມີຄວາມຄິດເຫັນທີ່ດີກວ່ານີ້ ກະລຸນາຊ່ວຍແນະນຳ ແລະຄອມເມັນໃຫ້ຄວາມຄິດເຫັນເພີ່ມເຕີມໄດ້ ເຊິ່ງຈະເປັນວິທະຍາການ ສາມາດຊ່ວຍ ແກ້ຂໍ້ຂ້ອງໃຈ ແລະໃຫ້ຄຳຕອບແກ່ທຸກໆ ຄົນທີ່ເຂົ້າມາອ່ານໄດ້ ຂໍຂອບໃຈ
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